In this article, we will break down the structure of the sentence and explain why ‘those’ is translated as ‘者’ in Japanese. This will help clarify both the grammatical structure and the usage of ‘those’ in this specific context.
1. Analyzing the Structure of the Sentence
The sentence ‘Computer crimes today often have severe penalties for those found guilty’ consists of two main parts:
- The subject: ‘Computer crimes today’
- The main verb and predicate: ‘often have severe penalties for those found guilty.’
The subject ‘computer crimes today’ tells us what the sentence is about, while the predicate explains what happens to these crimes—specifically, that they often result in severe penalties. The phrase ‘for those found guilty’ acts as a prepositional phrase describing who will receive the penalties.
2. Why ‘Those’ Means ‘者’ in This Context
The word ‘those’ refers to people or individuals who are found guilty of computer crimes. In this case, ‘those’ acts as a demonstrative pronoun, referring to a specific group of people. In Japanese, this is translated as ‘者’ (sha), which refers to people or persons, especially in formal or legal contexts. Thus, ‘those found guilty’ means ‘the individuals who are found guilty.’
3. Further Explanation of the Usage of ‘Those’
In English, ‘those’ is used to point to a specific group of people or things already mentioned or easily identified by context. The usage of ‘those’ in this sentence emphasizes the people who are directly affected by the penalties mentioned. It shows a clear relationship between the crime and the individuals who commit it.
4. Why This Understanding Helps in Japanese Translation
In Japanese, it’s essential to capture the nuance of ‘those’ as referring to specific individuals, which is why ‘者’ is used. The term ‘者’ not only indicates people but also conveys a formal tone, making it suitable for legal or formal contexts like this one.
Summary
By breaking down the sentence structure and explaining the role of ‘those,’ we can better understand how English grammar works and how to translate it effectively into Japanese. Knowing the usage of ‘those’ helps us appreciate the legal and formal tone of the sentence and the way it refers to individuals in a specific context.
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